EVENTS

What is a Domain Name?

A domain name uniquely identifies a website. Typing a domain name (also called a URL) into your browser allows you to visit that site.

One unique domain name can be used as a company’s web address and for its email addresses.

Domains are much more than just names typed into a web browser. Your domain name is how the world will think of you and your business. It’s part of your brand and your marketing plan. You can have multiple domains that each relate to some aspect of your business. A domain can be easy to remember and help establish you on the web.

Any domain name registered through Africa Registry as the Registrar of record.

A domain name is essentially a signpost on the Internet. Almost every website you’ve ever been to, and every email you’ve ever composed, has used a domain name in its address

The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. The part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right is the most general. …

An Internet address in alphabetic form. Domain names must have at least 2 parts: the part on the left which names the organization, and the part on the right which identifies the highest subdomain, such as the country (fr for France, uk for United Kingdom) or the type of organization (com for …

Allows you to reference Internet sites without knowing the true numerical address.

A unique name that identifies one or more IP addresses. For example, the domain name Ireland.ie represents one IP address. Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. Every web site that you visit is stored under domain name.

Used in URLs to identify particular web pages or sites located on the Internet. For example, the domain name nces.ed.gov represents the web site for the National Center for Education Statistics.

A name that identifies one or more IP addresses. For example, the domain name microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP addresses. Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. For example, in the URL http://www.yahoo.com/index.html, the domain name is Yahoo.com.

An addressing system that enables websites on the Internet to be reached by a simple name rather than by an IP address or numbers. Examples of domain names include .com, .net, .org, .gov, .us, .info, .biz, .tv, .ws, .edu and so forth.

A series of alphanumeric strings separated by periods, such as www.techniqueweb.com, that identifies the owner of the address. Click for a free consultation

In short, a domain name is nothing more than an alias for a numeric web address. Each web site on the internet has a numeric address that functions like coordinates on a map. …

This is the name that identifies an Web site. For example, “microsoft.com” is the domain name of Microsoft’s Web site. A single Web server can serve Web sites for multiple domain names, but a single domain name can point to only one machine. For example, Apple Computer has Web sites at www. …

A series of words separated by dots (eg: microsoft.com) identifying an IP address.

A unique alpha-numeric designation to facilitate reference to the sets of numbers that actually locate a particular computer connected to the global information network; any name representing any record that exists within the Domain Name System (DNS).

The name of a computer on the Internet; the domain name service (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses.

A name for an IP address, which may have various suffixes, such as .com, .net, .edu, or.org. Google Page Rank- A system which ranks pages within the Google search engine and determines the importance of the web page, based on a scale of 1 to 10.

The “address” or URL of a particular Web site. This is also how you describe the name that is at the right of the @ sign in an Internet address. For example, netlingo.com is the domain name of this Internet dictionary. …

In the Internet, a part of a naming hierarchy consisting of a sequence of names separated by periods (dots) that corresponds to the network number in the IP address. In the symbolic name john@videoconferencingbridging.com, the domain name is videoconferencingbridging.com.

Generally, a text address that corresponds to one or more numeric IP addresses. An exclusive name that identifies a web site, such as companyname.com.

strings of letters and numbers (separated by periods) that are used to name organizations and computers and addresses on the internet; “domain …

The term domain name has multiple related meanings:*A name that identifies a computer or computers on the Internet. These names appear as a component of a Web site’s URL, e.g. en.wikipedia.org. This type of domain name is also called a hostname. …

a unique, case-insensitive, name, consisting of a string made up of alphanumeric characters and dashes separated by periods, that the Domain Name System maps to IP numbers and other information; an identifier of a computer or site on the Internet; a domain — that part of a domain name which …

What Do The Different Extensions Represent?
Common extensions include:

.COM — Abbreviation of “Commerce” — currently available to all
.NET — Abbreviation of “Network” — currently available to all
.ORG — Abbreviation of “Organization” — currently available to all
.INFO — Abbreviation of “Information” — currently available to all
.BIZ — Abbreviation of “Business” — currently available to all
.GOV — Abbreviation of “Government” — reserved for government institutions
.EDU — Abbreviation of “Education” — reserved for educational institutions

Why Buy a Premium Domain?

Why a Good Domain Name is Important

Acquiring a domain name is an important first step in building a successful online business. Below are the most popular reasons why individuals and businesses own domain names.

Improve Your Marketing and Visibility
The right domain name allows customers an easy way to remember and find you. It’s your location on the web. It’s also your email address.
Build Credibility
Using your domain for your website and to personalize your email helps establish credibility and professionalism. For instance, an email address such as jen@buydomains.com is more professional than jen127@freeemailservice.com.
Protect Your Brand
Purchase the domain name that best represents your business name. Domains are valuable online real estate. Secure the right name and keep it out of the hands of your competitors.

You may also find many attractive domains for your business. Securing more than one helps protect your brand and increase your reach. You can easily direct as many domains as you want to a single website.

Acquire More Traffic
Some domains already receive traffic. This traffic principally comes from direct type-in or referral traffic. Direct type-in is when an internet user types the domain directly into her browser, such as typing ‘www.photography.com.’ Referral traffic typically comes from links on other websites.
As an Investment
Similar to real estate, domain names are investments. Domain values increase daily. You yourself can make your domain name more valuable by building and marketing your website.

How to Choose a Premium Domain

There are hundreds of thousands of domains to choose from. Below are the most important things to keep in mind when searching for the right domains.

Relevance
Make sure there is a clear connection between your domain name and your website. Domains that are too generic make this difficult. For example: PetsToys.com is better than PetsWeb.net.
Easy to Remember
Find domain names that are catchy, short, and easy to spell and say. Pronounce the domain three times aloud. Does it sound natural? Imagine yourself telling a potential customer about your website. Is it easy to convey and remember?
Evaluate Keyword Searches
If your domain name is an exact match of a search keyword, your website will likely appear near the top of those results. This can help your site get valuable traffic. Consider the most popular and relevant keyword searches for your business and see if they are available as domain names. You can try this by going to any search engine such as yahoo.com, google.com, or msn.com.
Pay Attention to the Extension
.com is the most popular. Others that are well-known and can deliver value are .net, .org, .biz, and .info. You must consider your competition and whether you want to buy all the extensions for your domain name. If you sell products to an international market, consider country-code domains. In this case, you might secure the .com, the .net, and the country-code, as appropriate (e.g., .co.uk).
Find Similar Domains
You may find a number of attractive domains for your business. You should consider protecting your brand and increasing your reach by securing multiple names. There could be multiple opportunities to get search engine traffic. You can easily forward one URL to another domain, which means that you can create one website that many domains point to.

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Domain Name

In computer networking, a domain name is a name given to a collection of network devices that belong to a domain which is managed according to some common property of the members or within a common administrative boundary. In particular, the term is used to describe the regions of administrative authority within the Domain name system used for the Internet (cf. DNS zone).

Domain names are used in a variety of contexts for identification, reference, and access to Internet resources. They can appear as components of Web sites‘ Uniform Resource Locators (URL, ‘Web-address’), e.g. www.wikipedia.org, electronic mail (e-mail) addresses after the customary ‘@’ separator from the user’s name, or as any other part of a syntax that describes an access method to a device or service in an IP network.

Domain names are created out of a naming space and methodology that was first defined by Paul Mockapetris in IETF publication RFC 882 and RFC 883 (1983) and used in the first expansion of the ARPANET, a predecessor of today’s Internet. The model prescribed a tree-like structure of named nodes starting from an unnamed root node (cf. DNS root zone) that was only designated by a full stop (period, dot, “.”). The complete domain name of each node is the string of names of nodes leading to the root node, each separated by a dot. The sequence is written from left to right with increasing order of scope, e.g., node-d.node-c.node-b.node-a. When the full name path of a node is specified, the domain name is said to be fully-qualified (cf. Fully qualified domain name). This condition is often, particularly in the technical aspects of DNS), indicated explicitly by appending a dot at the end of the name (to indicate the root domain).

The DNS methodology confers a unique name to every resource or service participating in the domain name system. This name is referred to as the domain name of a device or Internet host. However, not all nodes in the tree system denote a specific device, rather they are parent labels of an entire collection of subordinate nodes. Such nodes are the domains of the Internet. They represent the spaces of autonomy that are delegated by a group of service providers, called domain name registrars.

These registrars are authorized and accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the organization charged with overseeing the name and number systems of the Internet. In addition to IANA, each top-level domain (TLD) is maintained and serviced technically by a sponsoring organization, the TLD Registry. The registry is responsible for maintaining the database of names registered within the TLDs they administer. The registry receives registration information from each domain name registrar authorized to assign names in the corresponding TLD and publishes the information using a special service, the whois protocol.

In this context a domain name is sometimes referred to as a ‘product’ sold by domain name registrars. However, the rules of assignment specify that no legal ownership is conferred with such transactions, only the right of exclusive use and the authority to the name space. Once assigned, a domain name becomes part of the pool of registered domain names and is no longer available for use by anyone else. Colloquially, marketers incorrectly refer to domain names as “web addresses”, however, a web address is actually a fully specified World-Wide Web resource locator, such as http://www.example.org, actually pointing to a web site.

New domain names are usually registered through the registrar for annual terms with a minimum of one year. The maximum length of prepaid registration is often 10 years, but varies depending on the policies of the sponsoring registry of the top-level domain under which registration is sought. Registration periods may be extended, usually at any time, until the end of a grace period after the registration expiration date.

Domain names may be transferred between parties or advertised for ’sale’. This is often called the “domain name aftermarket” (see below). After a domain name registration and the grace period expire, the domain name is either returned to the pool of available names, or receives special treatment by the registrars and could possibly end up in the ‘aftermarket’.

Contents

Overview

This article primarily discusses registered domain names. See the Domain Name System article for technical discussions about the domain name system and the hostname article for general discussion of naming aspects of Internet hosts.

The most basic functionality of domain names is to provide symbolic representations, i.e., recognizable names, to mostly numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource (e.g., website) to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an intranet, in effect changing the IP address. This translation from domain names to IP addresses (and vice versa) is accomplished with the global facilities of Domain Name System (DNS).

By allowing the use of unique alphabetical addresses instead of numeric ones, domain names allow Internet users to more easily find and communicate with web sites and any other IP-based communications services. The flexibility of the domain name system allows multiple IP addresses to be assigned to a single domain name, or multiple domain names to be services from a single IP address. This means that one server may have multiple roles (such as hosting multiple independent websites), or that one role can be spread among many servers. One IP address can also be assigned to several servers, as used in anycast networking.

By definition (RFC 1034), domain names are restricted to the ASCII letters a through z (case-insensitive), the digits 0 through 9, and the hyphen, with some other restrictions in terms of name length and position of hyphens. Since this does not allow the use of many characters commonly found in non-English languages, and no multi-byte characters necessary for most Asian languages, the Internationalized domain name (IDN) system has been developed and is now in testing stage with a set of top-level domains established for this purpose.

The underscore character is frequently used to ensure that a domain name is not recognized as a hostname, as with the use of SRV records, for example, although some older systems such as NetBIOS did allow it. To avoid confusion and for other reasons, domain names with underscores in them are sometimes used where hostnames are required.

Domain names are often referred to simply as domains and domain name registrants are frequently referred to as domain owners, although domain name registration with a registrar does not confer any legal ownership of the name, only an exclusive right of use.

Examples

The following example illustrates the difference between a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and a domain name:

URL: http://www.example.net/index.html

Domain name: www.example.net

Registered domain name: example.net

As a general rule, the IP address and the server name are interchangeable. For most Internet services, the server will not have any way to know which was used. However, the explosion of interest in the Web means that there are far more Web sites than servers. To accommodate this, the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) specifies that the client tells the server which name is being used. This way, one server with one IP address can provide different sites for different domain names. This feature goes under the name virtual hosting and is commonly used by Web hosts.

For example, as referenced in RFC 2606 (Reserved Top Level DNS Names), the server at IP address 208.77.188.166 handles all of the following sites:

example.com

www.example.com

example.net

www.example.net

example.org

www.example.org

When a request is made, the data corresponding to the hostname requested is provided to the user.

Top-level domains

Every domain name ends in a top-level domain (TLD) name, which is always either one of a small list of generic names (three or more characters), or a two-character territory code based on ISO-3166 (there are few exceptions and new codes are integrated case by case). Top-level domains are sometimes also called first-level domains.

The generic top-level domain (gTLD) extensions are

v • d • e

Generic top-level domains

Current

Generic	.biz · .com · .info · .name · .net · .org · .pro

Sponsored	.aero · .asia · .cat · .coop · .edu · .gov · .int · .jobs · .mil · .mobi · .museum · .tel · .travel

Infrastructure	.arpa

Deleted/retired	.nato

Reserved	.example · .invalid · .localhost · .test

Pseudo	.bitnet · .csnet · .local · .root · .uucp · .onion/.exit

Proposed

Locations	.berlin · .lat · .nyc

Language and nationality	.bzh · .cym · .gal · .sco

Technical	.geo · .mail

Other	.kids · .post · .shop · .web · .xxx

Country code top-level domains

The country code top-level domain (ccTLD) extensions are:

] Country code top-level domains

Active: .ac .ad .ae .af .ag .ai .al .am .an .ao .aq .ar .as .at .au .aw .ax .az .ba .bb .bd .be .bf .bg .bh .bi .bj .bm .bn .bo .br .bs .bt .bw .by .bz .ca .cc .cd .cf .cg .ch .ci .ck .cl .cm .cn .co .cr .cu .cv .cx .cy .cz .de .dj .dk .dm .do .dz .ec .ee .eg .er .es .et .eu .fi .fj .fk .fm .fo .fr .ga .gd .ge .gf .gg .gh .gi .gl .gm .gn .gp .gq .gr .gs .gt .gu .gw .gy .hk .hm .hn .hr .ht .hu .id .ie .il .im .in .io .iq .ir .is .it .je .jm .jo .jp .ke .kg .kh .ki .km .kn .kp .kr .kw .ky .kz .la .lb .lc .li .lk .lr .ls .lt .lu .lv .ly .ma .mc .md .me .mg .mh .mk .ml .mm .mn .mo .mp .mq .mr .ms .mt .mu .mv .mw .mx .my .mz .na .nc .ne .nf .ng .ni .nl .no .np .nr .nu .nz .om .pa .pe .pf .pg .ph .pk .pl .pn .pr .ps .pt .pw .py .qa .re .ro .rs .ru .rw .sa .sb .sc .sd .se .sg .sh .si .sk .sl .sm .sn .sr .st .su .sv .sy .sz .tc .td .tf .tg .th .tj .tk .tl .tm .tn .to .tr .tt .tv .tw .tz .ua .ug .uk .us .uy .uz .va .vc .ve .vg .vi .vn .vu .wf .ws .ye .za .zm .zw Reserved/unassigned: .um .bl .eh .mf Allocated/unused: .bv .gb .pm .sj .so .yt Phaseout: .tp .yu Deleted/retired: .cs .zr

See also: Generic top-level domains

Second-level and lower level domains

Below the top-level domains in the domain name hierarchy are the second-level domain (SLD) names. These are the names directly to the left of .com, .net, and the other top-level domains. As an example, in the domain en.wikipedia.org, wikipedia is the second-level domain.

Next are third-level domains, which are written immediately to the left of a second-level domain. There can be fourth- and fifth-level domains, and so on, with virtually no limitation. An example of a working domain with four domain levels is www.sos.state.oh.us. The www preceding the domains is a host name of the World-Wide Web server. Each level is separated by a dot, or period symbol. ’sos’ is said to be a sub-domain of ’state.oh.us’, and ’state’ a sub-domain of ‘oh.us’, etc. In general, Sub-domains are domains subordinate to their parent domain. An example of very deep levels of subdomain ordering are the IPv6 reverse resolution DNS zones, e.g., 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa, which is the reverse DNS resolution domain for the IP address of a loopback interface, or the localhost name.

Second-level (or lower-level, depending on the established parent hierarchy) domain names are often created based on the name of a company (e.g., microsoft.com), product or service (e.g., gmail.com). Below these levels, the next domain name component has been used to designate a particular host server. Therefore, ftp.wikipedia.org might be an FTP server, www.wikipedia.org would be a World Wide Web server, and mail.wikipedia.org could be an email server, each intended to perform only the implied function. Modern technology allows multiple physical servers with either different (cf. load balancing) or even identical addresses (cf. anycast) to serve a single hostname or domain name, or multiple domain names to be served by a single computer. The latter is very popular in Web hosting service centers, where service providers host the websites of many organizations on just a few servers.

Official assignment

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has overall responsibility for managing the DNS. It administers the root domain, delegating control over each TLD to a domain name registry. For ccTLDs, the domain registry is typically installed by the government of that country. ICANN has a consultation role in these domain registries but cannot regulate the terms and conditions of how domain names are delegated in each of the country-level domain registries. On the other hand, the generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are governed directly under ICANN, which means all terms and conditions are defined by ICANN with the cooperation of each gTLD registry.

Domain names are often seen in analogy to real estate in that (1) domain names are foundations on which a website (like a house or commercial building) can be built and (2) the highest “quality” domain names, like sought-after real estate, tend to carry significant value, usually due to their online brand-building potential, use in advertising, search engine optimization, and many other criteria.

A few companies have offered low-cost, below-cost or even cost-free domain registrations with a variety of models adopted to recoup the costs to the provider. These usually require that domains be hosted on their website within a framework or portal that includes advertising wrapped around the domain holder’s content, revenue from which allows the provider to recoup the costs. Domain registrations were free of charge when the DNS was new. A domain holder (often referred to as a domain owner) can give away or sell infinite number of subdomains under their domain name. For example, the owner of example.edu could provide subdomains such as foo.example.edu and foo.bar.example.edu to interested parties.

Abuses

This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.
Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (May 2008)

As domain names became interesting to marketers because of their advertising and marketing potential, rather than just being used to label Internet resources in a technical fashion, they began to be used in manners that in many cases did not reflect the intended purpose of the label of their top-level domain. As originally planned, the structure of domain names followed a hierarchy in which the TLD indicated the type of organization (commercial, governmental, etc.), and addresses would be nested down to third, fourth, or further levels to express complex structures, where, for instance, branches, departments and subsidiaries of a parent organization would have addresses in subdomains of the parent domain. Also, hostnames were originally intended to correspond to actual physical machines on the network, generally with only one name per machine.

As the World Wide Web became popular, site operators frequently wished to have memorable addresses, regardless of whether they fit properly into the structure; thus, because the .com domain was the most popular and therefore most prestigious, even noncommercial sites began to obtain domains directly within that gTLD, and many sites desired second-level domain names in .com, even if they were already part of a larger entity where a subdomain would have been logical (e.g., abcnews.com instead of news.abc.com).

Shorter, and therefore more memorable, domain names are thought to have more appeal. As a convenience methods were implemented to reduce the amount of typing required when entering a web site address into the location field of a web browser. A website found at ”http://www.example.org” will often be advertised without the http://, since the HTTP protocol is implicitly assumed when referring to web sites. In many cases, web sites can be also be reached by omitting the www prefix, as in this given example. This feature is usually implemented in DNS by the website administrator. In the case of a .com, the website can sometimes be reached by just entering example (depending on browser versions and configuration settings, which vary in how they interpret incomplete addresses).

The popularity of domain names also led to uses which were regarded as abusive by established companies with trademark rights; this has become known as cybersquatting, in which a person registers a domain name that resembles a trademark in order to profit from visitors looking for that address. To combat this, various laws and policies were enacted to allow abusive registrations to be forcibly transferred, but these were sometimes themselves abused by overzealous companies committing reverse domain hijacking against domain users who had legitimate grounds to hold their names. Such legitimate uses could include the use of generic words that are contained within a trademark, but used in a particular context within the trademark, or their use in the context of fan or protest sites with free speech rights of their own.

As of 2008, the four major Registrars have all sub-contracted their expiring domain lists to certain reseller and auctioneer partnerships, for the purpose of keeping the domain name at the original registrar and continuing to extract revenue off the renewal of premium registered names. Since this policy is not explicitly banned at ICANN, the practice has become more commonplace and as a result, complaints from individual registrants about losing their domains has tracked higher over the past two years [1].

Laws that specifically address domain name conflicts include the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in the United States and the Trademarks Act of 1999 in India. Alternatively, domain registrants are bound by contract under the UDRP to comply with mandatory arbitration proceedings should someone challenge their ownership of a domain name.

Generic domain names

problems arising from unregulated name selection

Within a particular TLD, parties are generally free to register an undelegated domain name on a first come, first served basis, resulting in Harris’s lament, all the good ones are taken. For generic or commonly used names, this may sometimes lead to the use of a domain name which is inaccurate or misleading. This problem can be seen with regard to the ownership or control of domain names for a generic product or service. By way of illustration, there has been tremendous growth in the number and size of literary festivals around the world in recent years. In the current context, a generic domain name such as literary.org is available to the first literary festival organization that is able to obtain the registration, even if the festival in question is very young or obscure. Some critics argue that there is greater amenity in reserving such domain names for the use of, for example, a regional or umbrella grouping of festivals. Related issues may also arise in relation to noncommercial domain names.

Unconventional domain names

Due to the rarity of one-word dot-com domain names, many unconventional domain names, domain hacks, have been gaining popularity. They make use of the top-level domain as an integral part of the Web site’s title. Two popular domain hack Web sites are del.icio.us and blo.gs, which spell out “delicious” and “blogs“, respectively.

Unconventional domain names are also used to create unconventional email addresses. Non-working examples that spell ‘James’ are j@m.es and j@mes.com, which use the domain names m.es (of Spain’s .es) and mes.com, respectively.

Premium domain names

In the business of marketing domain names, “premium” domain names are often valuable, and have particular characteristics. For example, the names are short and memorable, or may contain words that are regularly searched on search engines, or keywords that help the name gain a higher ranking on search engines. They may contain generic words, so the word has more than one meaning, and they may contain common typos.

Resale of domain names

The business of resale of previously registered domain names is known as the “domain aftermarket”.

Various factors influence the perceived value or market value of a domain name. They include 1) the natural or “organic” traffic that can be attributed to web surfers typing in a domain name in their web browser as opposed to doing a search for the site through a search engine. 2) Branding Opportunity. The ability to have a term recognized and easily recalled as a brand for a company or entity. 3) Re-sale value. The ability to spot trends and predict the value of a name based on its length (short is preferred), clarity, and commercial use. The word loan is far more valuable than the word sunshine.

Generic domain names have sprung up in the last decade. Certain domains, especially those related to business, gambling, pornography, and other commercially lucrative fields of digital world trade have become very much in demand to corporations and entrepreneurs due to their importance in attracting clients.

The most expensive public sale of an Internet domain name to date, according to DNJournal, is porn.com which was sold in 2007 for $9.5 million cash.

There are disputes about the high values of domain names claimed and the actual cash prices of many sales such Business.com. Another high-priced domain name, sex.com, was stolen from its rightful owner by means of a forged transfer instruction via fax. During the height of the dot-com era, the domain was earning millions of dollars per month in advertising revenue from the large influx of visitors that arrived daily. The sex.com sale may have never been final as the domain is still with the previous owner. Also, that sale was not just a domain but an income stream, a web site, a domain name with customers and advertisers, etc. Two long-running U.S. lawsuits resulted, one against the thief and one against the domain registrar VeriSign ^[1]. In one of the cases, Kremen v. Network Solutions, the court found in favor of the plaintiff, leading to an unprecedented ruling that classified domain names as property, granting them the same legal protections. In 1999, Microsoft traded the name Bob.com with internet entrepreneur Bob Kerstein for the name Windows2000.com which was the name of their new operating system. ^[2]

One of the reasons for the value of domain names is that even without advertising or marketing, they attract clients seeking services and products who simply type in the generic name. This is known as Direct Navigation or Type-in Traffic. Furthermore, generic domain names such as movies.com (now owned by Disney) or Books.com (now owned by Barnes & Noble) are extremely easy for potential customers to remember, increasing the probability that they become repeat customers or regular clients. In the case of Movies.com, Disney has built a stand-alone portal featuring branded content. More and more large brands are beginning to employ a more comprehensive domain strategy featuring a portfolio of thousands of domains, rather than just one or two.

Although the current domain market is nowhere as strong as it was during the dot-com heyday, it remains strong and is currently experiencing solid growth again. ^[3] Annually tens of millions of dollars change hands in connection with the resale of domains. Large numbers of registered domain names lapse and are deleted each year. On average, more than 25,000 domain names drop (are deleted) every day.

It is important to remember that a domain (name, address) must be valued separately from the website (content, revenue) that it is used for. The high prices have usually been paid for the revenue that was generated from the website at the domain’s address (URL.). The intrinsic value of a domain is the registration fee. It is difficult to appraise a current market value for a domain. The Fair Market Value of a domain can be anything from nearly nothing to millions of dollars. Factors involved may include previous sales data of similar domains, however a single letter difference can completely alter the value. The value of the domain (or any sum resp. division etc.) are usually added to the current or expected revenue from the web content (advertising, sales, etc.). The price of a domain (name + ext.) should not be confused with that of a website (content + revenue).

An estimate by an appraiser is always the addition of what they would like a domain to be worth together with the effective/expected/desired revenue from the web content. Some people put value on the length of the SLD (name) and other people prefer description capability, but the shorter an SLD is, the less descriptive it can be. Also, if short is crucial, then the TLD (extension) should be short too. It is less realistic to get a domain like LL.travel or LL.mobi than a domain travel. LL or mobi. LL. This illustrates the relativity of domain value estimation. It can be safely put that the revenue of web (content) can be easily stated, but that the value of a domain (SLD.TLD aka name.ext) is a matter of opinion and preference. In the end, however, any sale depends on the expectations of the domain seller and the domain buyer.

A webmaster creating a new web site either buys the domain name directly from a domain name registrar, or indirectly from a domain name registrar through a domainer. People who buy and sell domain names are known as domainers. People who sell value estimation services are known as appraisers.

Domain aftermarket prices and trends

Domain name sales occurring in the aftermarket are frequently submitted to the DNJournal. The sales are listed weekly and include the top aftermarket resellers which include but are not limited to Sedo, Traffic (auctions), Afternic, NameJet, Moniker and private sales.

To date, and according to Guinness World Records and MSNBC, the most expensive domain name sales on record as of 2004 were^[4]:

Business.com for $7.5 million in December 1999
AsSeenOnTv.com for $5.1 million in January 2000
Altavista.com for $3.3 million in August 1998
Wine.com for $2.9 million in September 1999
CreditCards.com for $2.75 million in July 2004
Autos.com for $2.2 million in December 1999

The week ending January 27, 2008, DNJournal reported that CNN, a cable news channel purchased iReport.com for $750,000. This signifies another turning point in domain name sales. This name has neither organic traffic, nor does it have a dictionary term alone. Instead it is a highly brandable domain name utilizing the second most popular prefix for a “dictionary” and commercial word.

Popular domain prefixes – “E” and “I”

In addition to a domain placing value on the shortness of the word, ease in spelling, commercial appeal, and organic capacity to generate natural traffic, today’s domain names are being valued for the branding potential. The domain name sale iReport although not an organic or dictionary term alone, is actually preferred as a highly brandable term, in that it is has a popular pre-fix “i” which indicates the “report” to be online.

The prefixes and dashes between words were once considered second, but now due to brandability, if the term is a commercial term, a prefix is often preferred. Example eLoans markets with an e to indicate to its potential customers that a loan may be obtained online.

The two primary prefixes are “E”, for electronic, and “I”, for Internet. Both indicate the word or phrase to be accessible online. Because of that, in terms of branding, an i or e combined with a commercial term are highly desirable. In domain sales typically an e has been preferred, and i slightly less in terms of demand. eBrooklyn sold for approximately $2500 whereas once it would have been available to register at the price of a domain name (which ranges from $8 to $30 us dollars depending on the registrar). The rapidly increasing use of prefixes in conjunction with main dictionary and or commercial terms is here and for some predominantly internet based companies, or high technology, high profile companies, the prefix is now preferred.

One of the details that make a domain with a prefix more valuable for a brand, is the ability to simply promote the name without the use of “.com” in the promotion. If a domain owner had report.com he would be forced to use the .com to indicate it was on the net at that address, however a domain name with a one letter prefix does not need to use the “.com”.

Someone could promote “iReport” as a brand, and assuming it was a world class brand, visitors would know they could find it at “iReport.com without seeing the .com. However if it was a .net, it would be wise to state iReport.net. This option to simply state the name of the company or entity is particularly valuable in that it is brief and clear in indicating that a report can be either made or found on the “i”nternet.

eLoans similarly does not have to state “eLoans.com”. eLoans, in the minds of most is clearly an online entity offering electronic loan applications.

Some alternative domains that avoid the use of “.com” in their promotion are “WebMD” as the word web as a prefix suffice to indicate the information is online and likely at a .com extension.

Branding with a domain name

Brands are greatly affected by the ability of the company to obtain the matching domain name. If a company builds a brand around a name to which it does not own the domain name, it can end up directing traffic to another domain owner’s site. If it is a competitor, this would be a problem.

Today’s advertising development of a great brand is strictly confined to the availability to synchronize the brand with a domain name. Any confusion might result in a competitor gaining valuable internet traffic and possible customers.

Domain name confusion

Intercapping is often used to clarify the meaning of a domain name. However, DNS is case-insensitive, and some names may be misinterpreted when converted to lowercase. For example: Who Represents, a database of artists and agents, chose whorepresents.com; a therapists’ network thought therapistfinder.com looked good; and another website operating as of August 2007, cummingfirst.com, website of the Cumming First United Church in Cumming, GA and powergenitalia.com, a website for an Italian Power Generator company. In such situations, the proper wording can be clarified by use of hyphens. For instance, Experts Exchange, the programmers’ site, for a long time used expertsexchange.com, but ultimately changed the name to experts-exchange.com.

Leo Stoller threatened to sue the owners of StealThisEmail.com on the basis that, when read as stealthisemail.com, it infringed on claimed trademark rights to the word “stealth”. ^[5] There is no word mark for “stealth” in the USPTO trademark database and Leo Stoller’s trademarks on this term were canceled.

References

See also

Sub Domains

A sub domain, also known as a third-level domain, is a very good way to create memorable web addresses for various sub-sites of your website. For example, Google uses sub domains for its different services, like maps.google.com, news.yahoo.com, video.google.com etc. The basic syntax is: http://subdomain.domain.com. Sub domains can be used effectively to establish branding and promote new products and services. For example, a chain store may establish sub-domains for different cities, or a university can set up sub domains for different academic programs. Traffic from sub domains can also be redirected to different sites or sub domains.

Add-On Domains

If you have a website established and wish to set up another the best most effective way is to use add-on domains. This method allows you to make the most of your web space and available bandwidth. You can add on domains to your original hosting account, this will ensure that you make the most of your available space without paying out for additional accounts.

An add-on domain is a new domain name that points to a subdirectory within your existing domain hosting account, where the website for the new domain will reside. Add-on domains must be registered domain names that you own, and that are configured to point to your web host’s servers. From a web user perspective, an add-on domain functions just like any other domain. For example, if you already have a hosting account under www.maindomain.com, you can register and set up an add-on domain (for example: www.addondomain.com), so that when your visitors type http://www.addondomain.com in their browser, they will be transported to the new site, allowing for site individuality.

Statistics for add on domains are also available as individual sites on your hosting control panel. Utilizing add on domains is the most effective method of creating multiple individual websites.

Parked domains, add-on domains, sub-domains and URL forwarding can all be set up and overseen from your control panel of your hosting account.

Trademarks, Cyber squatting and Typo squatting

Cyber squatting is the practice of registering a Domain Name which is either a trademark, or resembles one. Most cyber squatters aim to redirect traffic for financial gain, by parking the domain name at a page with lots of pay-per-click advertisements, or by setting up a similar business to the target domain name and feeding of brand recognition.

Reselling the domain to the target company for a large profit is also popular. Illegal phishing sites have also been set up where by duplicate pages of legitimate sites such as bank or credit card companies are created in order to farm the users personal details.

Typo squatting is a similar practice to cyber squatting, the typo squatter will register a domain name which is a popular typo of a brand name website, like facebook.com, in the hopes of profiting from visitors mistyping the domain name of their desired destination. Wikipedia has been a victim of typo squatting multiple times, with domains such as “en.wikipedi.org” and “www.wiipedia.org” being registered and used to park ads and display pop-up windows.

Cyber squatting is now illegal under US federal law; an amendment called the Anti cyber squatting Consumer Protection Act was added to the Communications Act in 1999. This amendment makes people who register Domain Names that are trademarks or individual’s names, with the sole intention of profiting from goodwill related to that trademark or person, liable to civil action. Various large companies who were victims of cyber squatting, including Panasonic and Harrods, have taken advantage of this amendment and had their domain names restored to them; others prefer to skip the litigation and pay up for ownership of the domain. In order for a cyber squatter to be proven guilty, it must be shown that:

· the domain name registrant had a bad-faith intention to profit from the trademark

· the trademark was distinctive at the time the domain name was first registered

· the domain name is identical or confusingly similar to the trademark

· the trademark qualifies for protection under federal trademark law

This strictness of the requirements for the prosecution provides the small domain speculator with a degree of protection from businesses snatching domain names that were registered in good faith, a practice known as reverse domain hijacking. Not all cases are clear cut such as a case of an alleged cyber squatter digging their heels in is that of “Mr Charbucks”, a site owned by Wolfe’s Borough Coffee. Starbucks claimed, in December 2005, that the Mr Charbucks site “diluted” their brand, an assertion which Wolfe’s strongly contested. The court decided ultimately that the defendant’s trademarks did not infringe the Starbucks trademark, nor dilute or tarnish the brand. It’s also interesting to note that cyber squatting laws are not infringed if the intention is not to profit from the name. Poking fun is perfectly acceptable, as Verizon Wireless discovered when they tried to invoke the cyber squatting act against the registrant of www.verizonreallysucks.com (one of Verizon’s lawyers having registered www.verizonsucks.com in a backfiring attempt to avert just such a situation). Because hacker ezine 2600 Magazine were not intending to sell on the site or hijack Verizon’s traffic for profit, they were deemed innocent and allowed to keep the name. Incidentally, to prove his point, 2600 editor Emmanuel Goldstein registered VerizonShouldSpendMoreTimeFixingItsNetworkAndLessMoneyOnLawyers.com.

It can be seen that it is worthwhile to be careful of trademark infringements when registering a domain, in order to avoid any possible future legal proceedings. thedomainparking.com

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